Wallet Management
Create Wallet & Restore Wallet
Help
                                        Here you can complete two tasks:
(1) Create a new wallet: Enter a password
                                        and click the "Create Wallet" button. You can also choose not to enter a
                                        password, but it is recommended to protect the mnemonic with a password.
                                        (2) Restore a wallet from a mnemonic: Enter your previous mnemonic and password
                                        (if any), then click the "Create Wallet" button.
                                    
The entire HD wallet can be restored from the mnemonic, seed, or root extended private key. The account extended private key can restore all ordinary wallets within an account, and a single private key can restore one ordinary wallet. Therefore, an HD wallet is equivalent to a mnemonic, a seed, or a root extended private key, while an ordinary wallet is equivalent to a single private key. Root extended private keys and account extended private keys start with "zprv" and are 111 characters long, whereas ordinary private keys are about 50 characters long. Thus, an HD wallet contains many ordinary wallets.
You can input content in the password field and the red text areas below.
 m/'/'/
                                
                                
                                
                                m/'/'/
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                Be sure to remember the mnemonic, password (if any), and path. Do not store the password with the mnemonic!
Derive Public Key and Wallet Address from Private Key
Help
Enter a private key to derive the public key and various types of Bitcoin addresses.

Password:
 (If the private key is encrypted,
                                    please enter the password)
                                 (If the private key is encrypted,
                                    please enter the password)| 1. Various Address Types: | |
| 2. Various Encoded Private Keys: | |
| 3. Various Public Key Formats: | |
Generate Multi-Signature Address
Help
Here you can generate P2SH or P2WSH multi-signature addresses, or generate P2TR script path addresses. The P2TR key path address is generated in the "Create Wallet & Restore Wallet" section.
Wallet Balance, UTXOs, and Transaction Details
Help
Here you can query all UTXOs and the total balance of a wallet address, or enter a transaction ID to query a specific transaction.
Signature / Verification
Help
Sign a piece of text with a Bitcoin private key, or verify the signature of a piece of text.
Private Key: Password:

Address:
Type of address:
Signature(Base64 encoded):
 
                            Send Coin Transaction
1. Create
Help
You can initiate a transfer transaction here. The version, marker, lock time, and flag in the transaction body generally do not need to be modified unless you understand their exact purpose and truly need to change them. The main task in creating a transaction is to add inputs and outputs. Inputs are the senders, and outputs are the recipients. The Bitcoin-to-USD exchange rate is used to calculate the transaction fee. For example, if you are willing to pay a $2 fee, it will be automatically converted to "satoshis" based on the exchange rate. All amounts in the transaction are in satoshis, where 1 Bitcoin equals 100 million satoshis.
A rough estimate of the transaction fee (in USD): 1 + (number of inputs * 0.8) + (number of outputs * 0.5). For example, if your transaction has three inputs and two outputs, the fee would be 1 + 3*0.8 + 2*0.5 = 4.4 USD. Higher fees result in faster transaction processing, while lower fees may take longer, typically within a few hours.
Steps: (1) First, set the fee (can be modified). (2) Do not modify the version, marker, lock time, or flag unless you understand their exact meaning and truly need to change them. (3) When adding inputs, query the available UTXOs for the wallet address. Do not modify the sequence number or address type unless necessary.
It is recommended to use the Firefox browser and open this page in the browser's private window.
| Add Input My Wallet Address: Sequence Number: | Add Output Recipient's Wallet Address Amount:satoshis | ||||
2. Sign
Help
Since signing requires the private key, it is recommended to disconnect from the internet to ensure absolute security. When copying the private key, use segmented copying. For other more detailed parameters involved in decrypting the private key, please set them in 'Private Key Protection' under 'Tools' (if needed).
Instructions: (1) Click the "Import Inputs" button to import the inputs added in the previous step. (2) Check the inputs that need to be signed. (3) Enter the private key. Note: One private key can sign multiple inputs at once, and one input can be signed multiple times by different private keys. All inputs must be signed.
Since signing requires the private key, it is strongly recommended to: Use the Firefox browser, open this page in the browser's private window, and ensure the browser is in offline mode before signing. If you are unsure how to do this, refer to the "Help" section below.
| Input | Signing Status | Select | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||
Enter Private Key (WIF format or password-protected private key):
 
                                    
                                    If the private key is password-protected, enter the password:
                                        
                                         
                                    
3. Encode
Help
Convert the transaction body into Hex format for subsequent transaction broadcasting!
Instructions: Simply click the "Output Hex Format" button.
4. Verify
Help
Here you can deconstruct the Hex-encoded raw representation of transaction into its components and verify each field. Pay special attention to the recipient address, amount, output script, and transaction fee.
Instructions: By default, the Hex-encoded raw representation of transaction generated in step 3 is imported. You can also enter it separately.
Hex-encoded raw representation of transaction:
Or directly visit these websites to deconstruct Hex-encoded raw transactions:
Bitcoin Mainnet: https://live.blockcypher.com/btc/decodetx/Bitcoin Testnet: https://live.blockcypher.com/btc-testnet/decodetx/
5. Broadcast
Help
Here you can broadcast the Hex-encoded raw representation of transaction to the network. Miners will accept and include it in a block. The transaction typically completes within minutes or hours, but may fail depending on the fee you set. Higher fees result in faster processing. Even after inclusion in a block, the transaction is not 100% confirmed until about 5-6 more blocks are added, which may take about two hours.
There are two ways to broadcast a transaction: (1) Click the "Broadcast" button directly, or (2) Broadcast it on the websites listed below.
Or directly visit these websites to broadcast transactions:
https://live.blockcypher.com/btc/pushtx/
https://www.blockchain.com/btc/pushtx
OS Command: curl -d '{"hex":"YOUR_RAW_TX_HEX"}' https://blockstream.info/testnet/api/tx
Wallet Management
Create Wallet & Restore Wallet
Help
                                        Here you can manage Ethereum wallets. The same mnemonic with different passwords
                                        will generate different Ethereum wallets. You can restore an HD wallet from a
                                        mnemonic or derive public keys and addresses from an existing private key
                                        (whether password-protected or not).
                                        1. To create a new wallet, first determine the number of mnemonic words (minimum
                                        12, maximum 24; more words make it harder to guess) and the language of the
                                        mnemonic (e.g., English, Simplified Chinese, etc.). The "mnemonic" + "mnemonic
                                        password" can derive numerous private keys (one private key corresponds to one
                                        wallet). Different passwords will derive different private keys even with the
                                        same mnemonic, so it is recommended to protect the mnemonic with a password. The
                                        "wallet path" is a string like "m/44'/60'/i'/0/j...", representing the
                                        j+1th
                                        wallet in the i+1th account, where i and j are integers
                                        greater than or equal to
                                        0. You can only change i and j or extend the path. For example, the default path
                                        "m/44'/60'/0'/0/0" represents the 1st wallet in the 1st account,
                                        "m/44'/60'/0'/0/5" represents the 6th wallet in the 1st account,
                                        "m/44'/60'/3'/0/2" represents the 3rd wallet in the 4th account, and
                                        "m/44'/60'/2'/0/1/3" represents the 4th sub-wallet under the 2nd node in the 3rd
                                        account. However, it is recommended not to make the wallet path too long or
                                        complex to avoid confusion or forgetting.
                                        If you input the Private Key Password, then the private key will be encrypted
                                        using this password.
                                        2. To restore a wallet, there are two methods: (1) Restore from the "mnemonic
                                        language," "mnemonic," "mnemonic password," and "wallet path" by entering the
                                        language, mnemonic, password, and path used when creating the wallet. (2)
                                        Restore the wallet address from a private key by entering the private key. If
                                        the private key is encrypted, you also need to enter the "Private Key Password".
                                    
If you plan to use the created wallet formally, be sure to remember the mnemonic, mnemonic password (if any), wallet path, private key, Private Key Password(if any), and address. It is recommended to encrypt the private key. The address can be shared with others for receiving coins, but all other information must never be disclosed.
Mnemonic:
Mnemonic
                                        Password:
                                    
                                     
                                
Wallet Path: (Note: Path m/44'/60'/i'/0/j represents the jth wallet in the ith account, where i,j=0,1,2,…)
Private
                                        Key: 
                                     Private Key Password:
                                        
                                         
                                    
                                
Ethereum Wallet:
Wallet Balance & Transaction Details
Help
Here you can query the balance of an Ethereum wallet or enter a transaction ID to query a specific transaction.
Signature / Verification
Help
Sign a piece of text to identify the owner of the address, similar to a handwritten signature in real life. Use the private key to sign and the public key to verify the signature. The signed text cannot be modified; otherwise, the signature verification will fail. The other party must obtain the text, public key, and signature in order to verify the signature. The private key must be a string represented in hexadecimal format, such as c6f53ee725f194b9bc8d06b61b91fa1d2fb6884d2a36fe037579bbb950f67ee2. The public key is also a hexadecimal string and must have the 0x prefix removed, for example 02f7eb7c084a14c30a3a5e6e0dcc10a9881ebf90ba45039f366d1919559c92f3c4.
Private Key: Password:

Public Key:
Signature(Base64 encoded):
 
                            Send Coin Transaction
1. Create
Help
                                        "Recipient Wallet Address" is the Ethereum address to which coins will be
                                        transferred, such as "0xB8309ea73A7C61599bF33C73085D24511E042b06".
"Transfer
                                        Amount" is the number of Ether to transfer, such as 0.005 Ether, or 0 Ether (if
                                        you only want to store information in the remarks).
"Transaction Fee" is the
                                        amount in USD you are willing to pay for this transfer, which will be deducted
                                        from the sender's wallet in equivalent Ether. The fee is unrelated to the
                                        transfer amount but may be related to the "remarks." If there are no remarks, a
                                        transaction fee is typically around $5. Higher fees result in faster processing,
                                        while fees below $1 may take longer or fail.
                                        "Wallet Private Key" is the private key of the sender's wallet, used for
                                        signing. An unencrypted private key looks like
                                        0x6b714fb46b3558192193712dd9dacabd0e29f75b02c81e21d4fc675f9d50719a, while an
                                        encrypted private key looks like
                                        6PYK8XSffZBgqqCMX2METG2VXUdAX5EfMDnCAV6D66B2dWQzdF4Za9Yspr.
                                        "Private Key Password" is used to decrypt the private key. If your private key
                                        is encrypted, you must enter the password to decrypt it; otherwise, leave it
                                        blank.
"Nonce" is the sequence number of the sender's wallet for outgoing
                                        transactions. For a new wallet, the first outgoing transaction has a nonce of 0,
                                        the second is 1, and so on. If the network is accessible, the nonce will be
                                        obtained automatically; otherwise, it must be entered manually and cannot be
                                        incorrect. You can query the nonce on third-party websites.
                                        "Transaction Type" defaults to 2 (EIP-1559), which is currently the most widely
                                        used, with low fees. Do not modify this unless you fully understand the
                                        implications.
"Gas Limit" defaults to 21000. If you add remarks, you must
                                        increase the gas limit; otherwise, miners will ignore the transaction.
"Tip
                                        to Miner" is specific to type 2 transactions. The tip is part of the
                                        "Transaction Fee"—the amount you are willing to allocate to miners. The
                                        difference between the transaction fee and the tip is transferred to the
                                        0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 address, where the Ether is
                                        permanently locked, effectively reducing circulation. Typically, the tip
                                        accounts for over 90% of the transaction fee. The tip incentivizes miners to
                                        process your transaction faster.
"Remarks" can contain up to 7000 Chinese
                                        characters. If you want to permanently store information on the blockchain,
                                        enter it here. More text increases the transaction fee, potentially costing tens
                                        or hundreds of dollars.
                                    
Wallet Address:
Transfer Amount: Ether
Wallet Private Key: Private Key Password:

Nonce:
Transaction Type: (Do not modify unless necessary)
Gas Limit:
Transaction Fee: USD
Tip to Miner: USD (Tip is included in the transaction fee)
Remarks:
Transfer Result:
2. Broadcast
Help
                                        Here you can broadcast the Hex-encoded transaction to the network. Miners will
                                        accept and include it in a block. The transaction typically completes within
                                        minutes but may fail depending on the fee. Higher fees result in faster
                                        processing. Even after inclusion in a block, the transaction is not 100%
                                        confirmed until about 5-6 more blocks are added, which may take several minutes.
                                        There are two ways to broadcast a transaction: (1) Paste the Hex-encoded
                                        transaction code into the input box and click the "Broadcast" button, or (2)
                                        Broadcast it on the third-party websites listed below.
                                        Before broadcasting, it is recommended to click the "Decode" button to verify
                                        all fields, especially the recipient address, transfer amount, and fee.
                                    
Enter Hex-encoded raw representation of transaction here...
Or directly visit these websites to broadcast transactions:
Ethereum Name Service ( ENS )
Help
ENS domains can be explained as Ethereum addresses, and vice versa.
Address:
Wallet Management
Create Wallet & Restore Wallet
Help
Manage your Litecoin wallet here. The same mnemonic phrase will generate different Ethereum wallets if the passwords are different. You can recover an HD wallet from the mnemonic phrase, or export public keys and addresses from existing private keys (whether the private keys are password-protected or not). 1. To create a new wallet, first determine the number of mnemonic phrases (at least 12, maximum 24; the more mnemonic phrases, the harder it is to guess) and the language used for the mnemonic phrases (such as English mnemonics or Simplified Chinese mnemonics). 'Mnemonic phrases' and 'mnemonic passphrase' can export a large number of private keys (one private key corresponds to one wallet). Different passwords will result in different exported private keys, even if the mnemonics are the same, so it is advisable to use a password to protect the mnemonic phrases. The 'wallet path' is a string in the form of 'm/84'/2'/i'/0/j...' which indicates the j-th wallet in the i-th account, where i and j are non-negative integers; you can only change i and j, or increase the length. For example, the default path 'm/84'/2'/0'/0/0' indicates the first wallet in the first account, 'm/84'/2'/0'/0/5' indicates the sixth wallet in the first account, 'm/84'/2'/3'/0/2' indicates the third wallet in the fourth account, and 'm/84'/2'/2'/0/1/3' indicates the fourth sub-wallet under the second node in the third account. However, it is advisable not to make the wallet path too long or complex, as it may lead to mistakes or forgetting. Note: The path for testnet wallets is 'm/84'/1'/...'. If a private key passphrase is entered, the final private key will be protected with encryption; when using the password-protected private key for signing in the future, remember to enter this private key passphrase. 2. To recover a wallet, there are two methods: one method is to recover from 'mnemonic language', 'mnemonic phrase', 'mnemonic passphrase', and 'wallet path'; as long as you enter the language, mnemonic phrase, mnemonic passphrase, and wallet path used when the wallet was previously created, all private keys can be recovered. The second method is to recover the wallet address from the private key, which requires entering a private key; if the private key is password-protected, you will also need to enter the private key passphrase.
If you intend to use the created wallet officially, be sure to remember the mnemonic phrase, mnemonic protection password (if any), wallet path, private key, and address. It is recommended to further encrypt the private key (operations can be done on the 'Wallet Management' > 'Private Key Protection' page). The address can be shared with others for them to send coins to this address, but absolutely do not disclose any other information.
Mnemonic:
Mnemonic Password: 
                                Wallet Path: (Note: The path m/84'/2'/i'/0/j indicates the j-th wallet in the i-th account, where i,j=0,1,2,…).
Private Key: 
                                    Private Key Password:
                                        
                                         
                                    
                                
Below is the litecoin wallet:
Derive Public Key and Wallet Address from Private Key
Help
Enter the private key to export the public key and various types of Litecoin addresses.

Password:
 (If the private key is password protected,
                                    please enter the password)
                                (If the private key is password protected,
                                    please enter the password)| 1. Various types of addresses: | |
| 2. Various encoded private keys: | |
| 3. Public keys in various formats: | |
Wallet Balance, UTXOs, and Transaction Details
Help
Here you can query all UTXOs and the total balance based on the wallet address, and you can also enter the transaction ID to query a specific transaction.
Signature / Verification
Help
Use the Litecoin private key to sign a piece of text or to verify the signature of a piece of text. When withdrawing cryptocurrency from some cryptocurrency trading platforms (such as HashKey Exchange), you are required to sign a piece of text to ensure that the address owner (which is essentially just tracking the direction of the cryptocurrency) is legitimate.
Private Key: Password:

Address:
Type of address:
Signature(Base64 encoded):
 
                            Send Coin Transaction
1. Create
Help
                                        The "wallet address for transfer" refers to the wallet address where Ether is
                                        transferred, in the format of
                                        "0xB8309ea73A7C61599bF33C73085D24511E042b06".
"Transfer amount" indicates how
                                        many Ethers are being transferred, such as 0.005 Ether, and it can also be 0
                                        Ether (in which case you just want to save information in the
                                        notes).
"Transaction fee" is the amount of dollars you are willing to pay as
                                        a transaction fee for this transfer, which will ultimately be deducted from the
                                        outgoing wallet in an equivalent amount of Ether. The fee is unrelated to the
                                        transfer amount but is connected to the "notes"; if there are no notes, the fee
                                        for a transaction is generally around 5 dollars, and the higher the fee, the
                                        faster the transaction is completed. However, if the fee is below 1 dollar, the
                                        transaction time can be lengthy or even fail.
"Wallet private key" is the
                                        private key of the wallet from which funds are being transferred, used for
                                        signing. The plain private key is in the format
                                        0x6b714fb46b3558192193712dd9dacabd0e29f75b02, and the encrypted private key is
                                        in the format
                                        6PYK8XSffZBgqqCMX2METG2VXUdAX5EfMDnCAV6D66B2dWQzdF4Za9Yspr.
"Private key
                                        password" is used to decrypt the private key; if your private key is encrypted,
                                        you must enter the password to decrypt the key; otherwise, do not enter the
                                        "private key password".
"Serial number" indicates how many times Ether has
                                        been transferred from the outgoing wallet; the first transfer from a new wallet
                                        is 0, the second is 1, and so on. If the network is smooth, the serial number
                                        will be obtained automatically; otherwise, it must be entered manually and
                                        cannot be incorrect. You can check the wallet's serial number on other
                                        third-party websites.
The "transaction type" defaults to 2 (EIP-1559), which
                                        is currently the most widely used; the transaction fee is low unless you
                                        thoroughly understand the true meaning of the "transaction type" and must change
                                        it, so do not change it lightly.
"Gas limit" defaults to 21000; if you add
                                        notes, you must raise the gas limit; otherwise, miners will ignore this
                                        transaction.
"Tip for miners" is unique to transaction type 2; the tip is
                                        included in the "transaction fee", meaning how much of the transaction fee you
                                        are willing to allocate as a tip for miners. The difference between the
                                        transaction fee and the tip goes to the 0 address
                                        (0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000); the Ether in this address can
                                        never be transferred, effectively destroying the Ether and thus reducing
                                        circulation.
Typically, tips account for over 90% of transaction fees. Tips
                                        are given to miners, so the more the tip, the more it can incentivise miners to
                                        process your transaction quickly.
"Notes" can contain up to 7000 Chinese
                                        characters; if you want to permanently retain information on the blockchain,
                                        enter it into the notes; the more characters, the higher the transaction fee,
                                        with potential fees reaching dozens to hundreds of yuan.
                                    
| Add Input My Wallet Address: Sequence: | Add Output Recipient's Wallet Address value:Litoshi | ||||
2. Sign
Help
As the signature requires the use of a private key, in order to ensure the absolute security of the private key, it is recommended to disconnect from the network and to copy the private key in segments.
Instructions: (1) Click the 'Import Inputs' button to import the inputs added in the previous step; (2) Check the inputs that need to be signed; (3) Enter the private key. Note: One private key can sign multiple inputs at once, and one input can be signed multiple times by different private keys, for example, for multi-signature addresses P2SH and P2WSH. All inputs must be signed.
As the signature requires the use of a private key, it is strongly recommended that you do the following: use the Firefox browser and open this page in the browser's private window. Before signing, you must set the browser to offline mode. If you are unsure how to do this, please refer to the 'Get Help' section below.
| Input | Signing Status | Select | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||
Enter Private Key (WIF format or password-protected private key):
 
                                    
                                    If the private key is password-protected, enter the password:
                                        
                                         Decrypt
                                            Parameters:
                                            N=   r=    p=
Decrypt
                                            Parameters:
                                            N=   r=    p=
                                    
3. Broadcast
Help
Transactions in Hex format can be posted online here, after which miners will accept and package them onto the blockchain. The transaction time is usually completed within one minute, but it may also fail, depending on the transaction fee you set; the higher the fee, the faster the transaction is completed. Moreover, even if the transaction has been recorded on the blockchain, there is no absolute guarantee that it has been reliably credited; it is necessary to wait for approximately 5 or 6 more blocks to be generated to ensure that the funds are indeed reliably credited, so this may take several minutes. There are two methods to publish a transaction: one is to directly paste the hex format transaction code into the input box and then click the "Publish" button, and the other is to publish it on the Di San Fang website listed below.However, it is recommended to click the "Decode" button before formally publishing to double-check and confirm each field, especially the counterparty's address, transfer amount, and transaction fee.
Or go directly to these websites to post transactions:
https://live.blockcypher.com/ltc/pushtx
https://live.blockcypher.com/ltc/decodetx
https://litecoinspace.org/push-tx
https://litecoinspace.org/testnet/push-tx
https://live.blockcypher.com/ltc-testnet/pushtx/
Wallet Management
Create Wallet & Restore Wallet
Help
                                        Manage your Solana (SOL) wallet here. The same mnemonic phrase will generate
                                        different Solana wallets if the password is different. You can recover an HD
                                        wallet from the mnemonic phrase, or export the public key and address from an
                                        existing private key (regardless of whether it is password-protected or
                                        not).
1. If you want to create a new wallet, first determine the number of
                                        mnemonic words (at least 12, up to 24; the more mnemonic words, the harder it is
                                        to guess) and the language of the mnemonic phrase (such as English mnemonics,
                                        Simplified Chinese mnemonics, etc.). The "mnemonic phrase" and the "mnemonic
                                        password protection" can export a large number of private keys (one private key
                                        corresponds to one wallet). Different passwords will result in different
                                        exported private keys, even if the mnemonic phrase is the same, so it is
                                        recommended to use a password to protect the mnemonic phrase. The "wallet path"
                                        is a string in the form of "m/44'/501'/i'/j'", indicating the j-th Solana wallet
                                        in the i-th account, where i and j are non-negative integers (less than
                                        2147483648); you can only change i and j, or add length. For example, the
                                        default path "m/44'/501'/0'/0'" signifies the first wallet in the first account,
                                        while "m/44'/501'/0'/5'" indicates the sixth wallet in the first account, and
                                        "m/44'/501'/3'/2'" denotes the third wallet in the fourth account.
If a
                                        private key protection password is entered, the final private key will be
                                        encrypted; when signing later with the password-protected private key, you will
                                        need to enter this private key protection password, so do not forget it.
2.
                                        If you need to recover a wallet, there are two methods. One method is to recover
                                        from the "mnemonic phrase language", "mnemonic phrase", "mnemonic password
                                        protection", and "wallet path"; you simply need to input the language, mnemonic
                                        phrase, mnemonic password protection, and wallet path used when the wallet was
                                        created to recover all private keys. The second method is to recover the wallet
                                        address from the private key, which involves entering a private key; if the
                                        private key is encrypted, you will also need to input the private key protection
                                        password. 
If you intend to use the created wallet officially, be sure to remember the mnemonic phrase, the mnemonic phrase protection password (if any), wallet path, private key, private key protection password (if any), and address. The address is to be shared with others so they can send coins to that address; any other information must not be leaked at all.
Mnemonic:
Mnemonic Password: 
                                Wallet Path: (Note: Path m/44'/501'/i'/j' represents the jth wallet in the ith account, where i,j=0,1,2,…,2147483647)
Security Key: 
                                     
                                
Below is the solcoin wallet:
Wallet Balance / Transaction Details
Help
Here you can check the balance of your Solcoin wallet and enter a transaction ID to query a specific transaction.
Signature / Verification
Help
Signing a text to confirm the ownership of an address, similar to a handwritten signature in real life. The signing is done with a private key and the signature is verified with a public key. The signed text cannot be altered, otherwise the signature verification will fail. The other party must obtain the text, the public key, and the signature before they can verify the signature. The private key must be a string represented in hexadecimal, i.e. in hex encoding format, such as c6f53ee725f194b9bc8d06b61b91fa1d2fb6884d2a36fe037579bbb950f67ee2. The public key is also a hexadecimal string and must have the 0x prefix removed, for example 02f7eb7c084a14c30a3a5e6e0dcc10a9881ebf90ba45039f366d1919559c92f3c4.
Security Key:

Public Key:
Signature(Base64 encoded):
 
                            Send Coin Transaction
1. Create
Help
                                        The "account address" is the wallet address for receiving SOL, in the format
                                        "Ac7fqMjTiogkoJPFtS3CtfFyWcfCZ65s9SEaEQrYm6Xx".
"Transfer amount" is how many
                                        SOL coins are being transferred, such as 0.5 SOL, and it can also be 0.
"Key"
                                        is the key for the wallet from which the funds are being sent, used for signing.
                                        The plaintext key looks like
                                        SAgbmAn37yv2c9EDg8D78u7M9zVxNTieLrUTmZ333VqADpzsWWQhEW8a8r4zueTLmhphbxfXyMLFuQuxLymGPvAhWcdC7.
"Data"
                                        can contain up to 7000 Chinese characters, and if you want to permanently store
                                        information on the blockchain, enter it here; the more characters, the higher
                                        the transaction fee, which could be several dollars.
Note: When saving data,
                                        you cannot make a transfer; when transferring, you cannot save data. If you want
                                        to permanently save data, then you do not need to input "account address" and
                                        "transfer amount". If you want to transfer, make sure to leave "data" blank.
                                    
Wallet Address:
Transfer Amount: SOL (If 0 is entered, then save the remark data)
Security Key:

Last Blockhash: (If you are connected to the internet, you can skip this input and it will be retrieved automatically)
Data:
Transfer Result:
2. Broadcast
Help
Here you can publish transactions in Base64 encoding format online. There are two ways to publish a transaction: one is to directly paste the hex format transaction code into the input box and then click the 'Publish' button, and the other is to publish on the third-party site mentioned below. However, it is recommended to double-check each field, especially the counterpart address, transfer amount, and transaction fee, by clicking the 'Decode' button before the official publication.
Wallet Management
Create Wallet & Restore Wallet
Help
                                        Manage your Dogecoin wallet here. The same mnemonic phrase will generate different Ethereum wallets if the passwords are different. You can restore an HD wallet from a mnemonic phrase, or export public keys and addresses from an existing private key (whether it's password-protected or not).
1. If you want to create a new wallet, first determine the number of words in the mnemonic phrase (minimum 12, maximum 24; the more words, the harder it is to guess) and the language of the mnemonic phrase (e.g., English mnemonics, Simplified Chinese mnemonics, etc.). The "mnemonic phrase" and "mnemonic phrase protection password" can be used to export a large number of private keys (each private key corresponds to one wallet). If the passwords are different, even if the mnemonics are the same, the exported private keys will be different. Therefore, it is recommended to use a password to protect the mnemonic phrase. The "wallet path" is a string like "m/44'/3'/i'/0/j..." representing the j-th wallet in the i-th account. Both i and j are integers greater than or equal to 0; you can only change i and j or increase the path length. For example, the default path "m/44'/3'/0'/0/0" represents the first wallet in the first account, "m/44'/3'/0'/0/5" represents the sixth wallet in the first account, "m/44'/3'/3'/0/2" represents the third wallet in the fourth account, and "m/44'/3'/2'/0/1/3" represents the fourth sub-wallet under the second node in the third account. However, it is recommended that the wallet path not be too long or complicated, otherwise it is easy to make mistakes or forget it. Note: The path for testnet wallets is "m/44'/1'/...".
 If a private key protection password is entered, the final private key will be encrypted. When using a password-protected private key to sign transactions in the future, this password must be entered, so do not forget it.                                    
2. If you want to restore a wallet, there are two methods. One method is to recover it using the "mnemonic language," "mnemonic," "mnemonic protection password," and "wallet path." By entering the language, mnemonic, mnemonic protection password, and wallet path used when the wallet was originally created, you can recover all the private keys. The second method is to restore the wallet address from a private key, which means you only need to enter a private key. If the private key is protected by encryption, you also need to enter the private key protection password.
If you plan to use the created wallet formally, you must remember the mnemonic phrase, the mnemonic protection password (if any), the wallet path, the private key, and the address. It is recommended to further encrypt the private key for protection (operate this on the "Wallet Management" > "Private Key Protection" page). You can share the address with others so they can send coins to it, but any other information must never be disclosed.
Mnemonic:
Mnemonic Password: 
                                Wallet Path:(Note: The path m/44'/3'/i'/0/j represents the j-th wallet in the i-th account, where i, j = 0, 1, 2, …)
Private Key: 
                                    Private Key Password: 
                                        
                                         
                                    
                                
Dogecoin Wallet:
Derive Public Key and Wallet Address from Private Key
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Enter the private key to export the public key and various types of Dogecoin addresses.

Password:
 (If the private key is password protected, please enter the password)
                                (If the private key is password protected, please enter the password)| 1. Various types of addresses: | |
| 2. Various encoded private keys: | |
| 3. Public keys in various formats: | |
Generate Multi-Signature Address
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Here you can generate P2SH type multi-signature addresses. For m-of-n type multi-signatures, it means that at least m and at most n people need to sign.
Total of * public keys. Enter the minimum number of signatures required:
Wallet Balance, UTXOs, and Transaction Details
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Here you can check all UTXOs and the total balance based on a wallet address, or you can enter a transaction ID to query a specific transaction.
Signature / Verification
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Sign a piece of text with a Dogecoin private key, or verify the signature of a piece of text. When withdrawing cryptocurrency from some crypto trading platforms (such as HashKey Exchange), you are required to sign a piece of text to ensure that you are the owner of the address (which is basically just to track the destination of the cryptocurrency).
Private Key:Password:

Address:
Signature(Base64 encoded):
 
                            Send Coin Transaction
1. Create
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"'Destination Wallet Address' is the wallet address for transferring Dogecoin, in the format like '0xB8309ea73A7C61599bF33C73085D24511E042b06'.
'Transfer Amount' refers to how many Dogecoins are being transferred, such as 0.005 Dogecoin, or it can be 0 Dogecoin (in which case you only want to save information in the note).
'Transaction Fee' is the amount in USD you are willing to pay as a fee for this transfer, which will ultimately be deducted from the sending wallet in the equivalent amount of Ethereum. The fee is unrelated to the transfer amount but is associated with the 'note'. Without a note, a transaction fee typically ranges around 5 USD. The higher the fee, the faster the transaction will be completed; if it is below 1 USD, the transaction may take longer or even fail.
'Wallet Private Key' is the private key of the sending wallet, used for signing. An unencrypted private key looks like 0x6b714fb46b3558192193712dd9dacabd0e29f75b02c81e21d4fc675f9d50719a, while an encrypted private key looks like 6PYK8XSffZBgqqCMX2METG2VXUdAX5EfMDnCAV6D66B2dWQzdF4Za9Yspr.
'Private Key Password' is used to decrypt the private key. If your private key is encrypted, you must enter the password to decrypt it; otherwise, do not enter anything for 'Private Key Password'.
'Nonce' is the count of how many times the sending wallet has sent Ethereum. For a new wallet, the first transfer has a nonce of 0, the second transfer is 1, and so on. If the network is smooth, the nonce will be obtained automatically; otherwise, it must be entered manually, and it must be correct. You can check the wallet's nonce on other third-party websites.
'Transaction Type' defaults to 2 (EIP-1559), which is the most widely used type today with low transaction fees. Unless you fully understand the true meaning of 'Transaction Type' and need to modify it, do not change it lightly.
'Gas Limit' defaults to 21000. If you add note content, you must increase the gas limit, otherwise miners may ignore the transaction.
'Miner Tip' is specific to transaction type 2. The tip is included in the 'Transaction Fee', meaning it is the portion of the transaction fee you are willing to allocate as a tip for the miner. The difference between the transaction fee and the tip is sent to the zero address (0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000), whose Ethereum can never be spent, effectively destroying it and reducing circulation. Typically, the tip accounts for more than 90% of the transaction fee. Since the tip is given to miners, a higher tip incentivizes miners to process your transaction more quickly.
'Note' can contain up to 7000 Chinese characters. If you want to permanently store information on the blockchain, enter it in the note. The more characters, the higher the transaction fee, which can range from tens to hundreds of dollars.                                    
| Add Input My Wallet Address: Sequence Number: | Add Output Recipient's Wallet Address: Amount:satoshis | ||||
2. Sign
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Since signing requires the use of a private key, to ensure the absolute security of the private key, it is recommended to disconnect from the network and to copy the private key in segments.
Instructions: (1) Click the 'Import Inputs' button to import the inputs added in the previous step; (2) Check the inputs that need to be signed; (3) Enter the private key. Note: A single private key can sign multiple inputs at once, and a single input can be signed multiple times by different private keys, such as for multi-signature P2SH and P2WSH addresses. All inputs must be signed.
Since signing requires the use of a private key, it is strongly recommended that you do the following: use the Firefox browser and open this page in the browser's private window. Before signing, the browser must be set to offline mode. If you are unsure how to do this, please refer to the 'Get Help' section below.
| Input | Signing Status | Select | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||
Enter Private Key (WIF format or password-protected private key):
 
                                    
                                    If the private key is password-protected, enter the password:
                                        
                                         Encrypt/Decrypt Parameters:
                                            N=   r=    p=
Encrypt/Decrypt Parameters:
                                            N=   r=    p=
                                    
3. Broadcast
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                                        Here, you can broadcast a transaction in Hex format online, after which miners will accept it and include it in the blockchain. The transaction may complete within one minute, but it may also fail, depending on the transaction fee you set—the higher the fee, the faster the transaction is completed. Additionally, even if the transaction is included in the blockchain, it cannot be guaranteed to be fully confirmed; you need to wait for about 5 or 6 more blocks to ensure that the funds are reliably credited, so this may take several minutes. There are two ways to broadcast a transaction: one is to directly paste the Hex transaction code into the input box and click the 'Broadcast' button, the other is to post it on the designated website listed below.
However, it is recommended that before officially broadcasting, you click the 'Decode' button and carefully check each field, especially the recipient's address, the transfer amount, and the transaction fee.                                    
Or directly visit these websites to broadcast transactions:
https://live.blockcypher.com/doge/pushtx/
https://live.blockcypher.com/doge/decodetx/
https://dogecoinspace.org/push-tx
https://dogecoinspace.org/testnet/push-tx
https://live.blockcypher.com/ltc-testnet/pushtx/
Private Key Protection
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Here you can encrypt a plaintext private key into a ciphertext private key or decrypt a ciphertext private key back to plaintext. Since private keys are extremely important, it is recommended to encrypt them for secure storage. As long as the password is not leaked, even if others obtain the ciphertext private key, they cannot sign transactions to steal your cryptocurrency. Before each signing, you must first decrypt the private key, so never forget the password! When copying and pasting private keys, do it in segments—for example, copy the first half, then manually enter a few characters, and finally copy the remaining part. This can prevent clipboard spyware from stealing the private key. Do not change the parameters "CPU/Memory Cost," "Block Size," or "Parallelization" unless you understand their exact meaning and really need to modify them.
After encrypting the private key, it's good idea to verify that it can be decrypted. The "Password," "CPU/Memory Cost," "Block Size," and "Parallelization" must be identical for encryption and decryption, and remember any modified values!
 
                            Be sure to remember the ciphertext private key and password!!
Encrypt/Decrypt Parameters: CPU/Memory Cost= Block Size= Parallelization=
Customize Mnemonic
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                                A valid mnemonic has the last word as a checksum of the other words, so you cannot
                                arbitrarily choose all words. The number of words is limited to 12, 15, 18, 21, or
                                24.
                                Here you can customize the mnemonic (e.g., choose familiar words for easier
                                memorization). Except for the last word, all other words can be specified. However, the
                                more words you specify, the weaker the security, as manually chosen words lack
                                randomness compared to system-generated mnemonics. Therefore, the principle is to
                                specify as few words as possible.
                                Steps: First, determine the number of words in the mnemonic (more words enhance
                                security). Next, select the mnemonic language (default is English). You can also choose
                                Simplified Chinese, Japanese, or other languages, but English has better universal
                                support. Then, specify certain words (except the last one). For example, specify the
                                first five words as "love you very much really" in English or the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th
                                words as "中," "王," "大," "民" in Simplified Chinese. Finally, click the "Complete
                                Mnemonic" button to generate a valid mnemonic.
                            
Note: Always verify the final mnemonic in Bitcoin or Ethereum wallet management to ensure it correctly generates a wallet!
Number of Mnemonic Words:
Mnemonic Language:
Generate QR Code
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Create a QR code with public key, address, ENS domain name and other information to save on your phone, making it easy to send to others or scan.
Note: You can turn your private key or mnemonic phrase into a QR code, but never store it on mobile devices (such as phones, tablets, etc.) or scan it, as mobile devices are the least secure!
Content saved on the QR Code:
QR Code Head: Tail:
Image Steganography
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Hide some sensitive information within an image, and then convey the image to others to achieve the purpose of exchanging sensitive information. Encryption is allowed before hiding; if someone obtains the image but does not have the password, they still cannot access the information. However, there are software tools that can discover information hidden within images, so it is recommended to encrypt before performing steganography. Note: It is best to choose landscape photo with depth, such as those with blue skies, white clouds, grasslands, or oceans. Do not use small images with a transparent background. On average, 8 pixels can store one Chinese character, and 3 pixels can store one character. For some confidential information, the best practice is to store the confidential information in a file, then use symmetric encryption/decryption (see the menu below on this page) to encrypt the file, and finally steganograph the encrypted file into the image, and if possible, add a password during steganography.
It is not recommended to transmit private keys in this manner; if it must be done this way, the private key should first be encrypted with a password.
Or from file:
Password:

Choose a Picture:
Is the extracted information saved to a file? Yes
Signature / Verification
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To sign a document is to assert the ownership of the document, similar to a handwritten signature in real life. Use a private key to sign and a public key to verify the signature. The signed text cannot be altered, or the signature verification will fail. The other party must obtain the original document, public key, and signature in order to verify the signature. Cryptocurrency keys are generally not used to sign documents, as revealing the private key would compromise privacy. In everyday life, PGP-compatible keys are usually used for signing and verifying signatures. Therefore, two signing methods are provided here: the first method uses cryptocurrency keys, and the second uses PGP-compatible encryption. When using the first method, two points must be noted: the private key must be a string represented in hexadecimal format, that is, hex encoding, such as c6f53ee725f194b9bc8d06b61b91fa1d2fb6884d2a36fe037579bbb950f67ee2. The public key is also a hex-encoded hexadecimal string and must have the 0x prefix removed, for example, 02f7eb7c084a14c30a3a5e6e0dcc10a9881ebf90ba45039f366d1919559c92f3c4.
Use cryptocurrency keys
Select the signed document:
File's digest:
Private Key:
Private key protection password:

Public Key:
Signature algorithm:
Signature result (Hex Encoded):

Use PGP keys
Orginal File:
Signature File:
PGP Private Kye:
Private Key Protection Password:

PGP Public Key:
Fingerprint:
Generate a new key?
Symmetric Encryption / Decryption
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This implements symmetric encryption and decryption based on the OpenPGP standard, compatible with open source tools such as GnuPG and gpg4win.
Password:

Asymmetric Encryption / Decryption
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Encrypt files with a public key and decrypt files with a private key. If the encryption/decryption is intended for securely transmitting information to others, it is not very suitable to use the public and private keys of cryptocurrencies, as this would expose the public key, so it is still recommended to use PGP keys. Note: the encrypted file should ideally not exceed 500MB.
Method 1: Use cryptocurrency keys
Select the encrypted file:
Private Key:
Private Key Protection Password:

Public Key:
Result:
Method 2: Use PGP keys
Select the encrypted file:
PGP Private Key:
Private key protection password:

PGP Public Key:
Generate a new key?
Conversion between UTF8 and HEX
Help
Converting UTF-8 text (such as Simplified Chinese) to hex encoding and vice versa.
Warning:
(1). Use the Firefox browser, which can be
                    downloaded and installed  here
                    . Firefox is open-source and less likely to have backdoors.
                    (2). Use Firefox's private window (press Ctrl+Shift+P after launching Firefox to open a private
                    window). Closing the private window destroys all browsing traces, ensuring your private keys remain
                    secure.
                    (3). When generating, restoring, or signing transactions, remember always disconnect the browser
                    from the internet
                    (press Alt, click "File" in the top-left corner, then select "Work Offline"). This prevents private
                    keys from being leaked over the network.
                    (4). When copying and pasting private keys, use the three-segment method: Copy and paste the first
                    segment, manually enter the next few characters, and then copy and paste the remaining characters.
                    This prevents clipboard spyware from stealing your private key. Refer to the image below:

1. Introduction to Transactions
Let's start with a story: John saved some money after years of hard work but found no good investment opportunities in China. "At the very least, I want to preserve the value of my savings," John thought. After careful consideration, he decided to invest in cryptocurrency, hearing that one Bitcoin could buy an apartment in a second-tier city in five years, so he chose Bitcoin. First, John needed a Bitcoin wallet. He registered an account on a cryptocurrency exchange, which automatically provided an online Bitcoin wallet (let's call it Wallet A), and then obtained an offline wallet (Wallet B). John bought Bitcoin through Wallet A and transferred it to Wallet B once the amount reached a certain threshold (e.g., equivalent to 100,000 dollars), as Wallet A was on a third-party platform and less secure, while Wallet B was known only to him. When selling Bitcoin, he transferred it from Wallet B to Wallet A first, then sold it on the platform. Besides online trading, there was also an offline channel. For example, John knew Alice, who had Bitcoin to sell. John contacted Alice to buy Bitcoin, transferred 100,000 RMB via WeChat, and Alice sent the Bitcoin directly to Wallet B.
Through this website, you can not only obtain Wallet B but also send coins offline, find where to get Wallet A, and locate offline sellers of cryptocurrency...
In China, investing in cryptocurrency is the best way for ordinary people to achieve financial success. As of the end of 2024, one Bitcoin is worth $100,000, enough to buy an apartment in a third-tier city. It is certain that in five years, one Bitcoin will buy an apartment in a second-tier city, and in ten years, it will buy one in a first-tier city! Exciting, right? If so, read on...
So how exactly do you buy and sell cryptocurrencies? Stay tuned for the next episode... haha.
First, you need at least a cryptocurrency wallet. The wallet contains an address. When you buy cryptocurrencies, you provide this address to the seller and say, "Hey, please send the coins to this address!" The seller might be cautious and reply, "Please double-check the address to ensure it's correct. Otherwise, if the coins are sent to the wrong address, it's entirely your responsibility!" So you carefully verify the wallet address again and reassure the seller, "The address is correct, don't worry!" After the seller completes the transfer, you can check whether the coins have been received by entering the address on a website like https://blockchair.com/.
As you continue to buy cryptocurrencies and watch the prices rise day by day, you estimate how much money you've earned. Your wealth grows gradually, and you slowly move up from being an ordinary person. One day, you finally make it big and can't help but shout, "Damn, I love this crazy world! Cheers to this inevitable life!"
How do you buy cryptocurrencies? Don’t rush; let me continue the story... On a dark and windy night, you arrive at the door of a small wooden cabin... haha!
The wallet also contains a private key. When selling coins, you need to initiate a transfer transaction, sign it with this private key, and then broadcast the signed transaction online. A miner will eventually include your transaction in a block. Wait a few minutes, and the transaction will usually be completed. The higher the transaction fee you offer, the higher the processing priority. The fee goes to the miner, but nowadays, miners care more about the Mining rewards than the negligible transaction fee. You set the fee yourself when initiating the transaction, and it typically costs less than ten dollars. The fee amount is unrelated to the transfer amount. I once paid a fee of just $0.4, and the transaction was completed quickly. The fee isn’t paid in dollars but in the equivalent cryptocurrency. One bitcoin equals 100 million satoshis—i.e., 100,000,000 satoshis. At the current exchange rate (1 bitcoin = $100,000), $1 is roughly 1,000 satoshis, so $0.4 equals 400 satoshis. For example, if I initiate a transaction to sell 0.3 bitcoin to Alice with a $1 fee, the main transaction data would be: Li Si’s wallet address: xxxxx, amount: 30,000,000 satoshis, fee: 1,000 satoshis. Alice can pay me $30,000 via bank transfer, WeChat, Alipay, or the equivalent in RMB (e.g., 210,000 RMB at an exchange rate of $1 = 7 RMB).
The address is derived from the private key, but the private key cannot be reverse-engineered from the address. The private key and address are a pair. Never share your private key with anyone—only the holder of the private key can sell the cryptocurrencies in the wallet!
How do you get a wallet? Operate in the "Wallet Management" on this website. How do you initiate a transaction? Click "Offline Signing" and "Publish Transaction" there.
2. Cryptocurrency Wallet
2.1 Private Key
A private key is a cryptocurrency wallet! A private key is a 256-bit binary random number! Suppose you assign the obverse of a coin to 1 and otherwise to 0. If you toss a coin 256 times and record the results, you’ll have a decent private key, like this:
 
                I tested the coin-tossing method to generate a private key. The recorded binary number is: 1100111101001101000100000011000011111110110011100001000001110001101101110011001001000110011110010011110100000110110100111101000010001110101011010011100001010100100000011110111000101000110010111111011110110010001010000101100101110111001001111001100011010001. A 256-bit binary number is hard to remember, but converting it to hexadecimal makes it easier. For example, the hexadecimal equivalent of the above binary number is: cf4d1030fece1071b73246793d06d3d08ead385481ee28cbf7b22859772798d1. "Seriously? This is still hard to remember." "Well, why not just write it down?" Writing the private key on paper creates a paper wallet, memorizing it creates a brain wallet, and storing it digitally creates an electronic wallet. Both Bitcoin and Ethereum use 256-bit random binary numbers as private keys, so the same private key can initiate transactions for both. However, I advise against this because if you forget the private key, your cryptocurrencies are gone forever. Alternatively, if the private key is stolen, all your coins are at risk. Bitcoin experts recommend using a new private key for each transaction you receive! For example, use private key x to receive 3 bitcoins from John and private key y to receive 5 bitcoins from Alice. If Bob sends you coins, use another new private key. My suggestion is: follow the experts' advice for large transactions, but for small amounts, avoid using too many private keys to simplify management.
To make it easier to import private keys into wallet apps, Bitcoin converts hexadecimal private keys into Base58-encoded formats, known as WIF (Wallet Import Format). For example, the WIF format of the coin-tossing private key above is: L4AgDeoTPbdRd4S7X9UhXaNtyxZhDuj7EoUxPUndDYkvfmHjR8Cd. Binary, hexadecimal, and WIF-formatted private keys are interchangeable, so you only need to remember one. Note: hexadecimal letters are case-insensitive, but WIF private keys are strictly case-sensitive!
Never share your private key with anyone—keep it to yourself! However, in case of an emergency, you might want to share it with family to prevent your cryptocurrencies from being lost forever... just saying.
In practice, we don’t generate private keys by tossing coins but use computer programs instead. That’s all for private keys. If you want to learn more, check out my new book The Definitive Guide to Cryptocurrency Secure Trading in Practice available for download on my personal website.
2.2 Address
The wallet address is derived from the public key, which in turn is derived from the private key. However, the public key cannot be reverse-engineered from the address, nor can the private key be derived from the public key. You can share your address with others—when buying cryptocurrencies, sellers send coins to this address, similar to online shopping where the seller ships goods to your address. Different cryptocurrencies derive addresses from private keys in different ways, resulting in different addresses. For example, Bitcoin and Ethereum addresses derived from the same private key are different. A Bitcoin address cannot receive Ethereum, and vice versa. If you mix them up, the coins will be lost forever—remember this! Even for the same cryptocurrency, there may be multiple address types over time. For example, Bitcoin addresses include P2PK, P2PKH, P2SH, P2WPKH, and P2TR (introduced in 2021). P2WPKH is currently the most popular due to smaller transaction data and lower fees. P2SH and P2TR support multi-signature transactions, ideal for organizations requiring multiple approvals (e.g., a company needing signatures from the CEO, CFO, and finance manager for transactions). The same private key can derive all address types. For example, I can derive all Bitcoin address types from one private key. When sending coins, I provide the recipient with the latest address type their wallet supports (e.g., P2WPKH for John’s wallet and P2PKH for Li Si’s older wallet).
                    For example, the following Bitcoin addresses are derived from the coin-tossing private key above
                    (L4AgDeoTPbdRd4S7X9UhXaNtyxZhDuj7EoUxPUndDYkvfmHjR8Cd) using https://secretscan.org/:
  P2PKH
                    address: 1QKaUAoU2h9HUFyBpxFwrSZ4X4n4X2Xukp
  P2SH address:
                    35SbZDs5biwdSFFUTR5GTQSH2fkDX2GqQ8
  P2WPKH address:
                    bc1qll89rqfmzllnyd9cnzy8vex9jueqv86y6587wg
  P2WSH address:
                    bc1q0lsk5wd7kqr053lyzxmcdy2a07a7ntju4rjjwftutqsahg6u2gfqu6tp6v
  P2TR address:
                    bc1pgp2szey33f8eaqxd5hlulhmhd6dh8fz90zdgftr0var5jcs4vypsx5u8f6
                
I didn’t generate a P2PK address because it’s outdated and rarely used. P2PKH and P2SH addresses use Base58 encoding and are case-sensitive, while the latter three use Bech32 encoding and are lowercase-only.
2.3 Wallet Balance
Ethereum has a balance concept, but Bitcoin does not. The balance shown in Bitcoin wallet apps is calculated temporarily—it’s the sum of all unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs). When you spend coins, you consume previously received UTXOs. Here’s an example:
Suppose your address received two transfers: 1 bitcoin from John and 0.5 bitcoin from Alice. Your wallet balance is now 1.5 bitcoin. Latter, you want to send 0.7 bitcoin to Jack. This requires spending the 1 bitcoin from John. The transaction data would look like this: Spend the 100,000,000 satoshis (1 bitcoin) from John, send 70,000,000 satoshis (0.7 bitcoin) to Jack, pay a 1,000 satoshi fee, and return the remaining 29,999,000 satoshis to your address. After signing and publishing the transaction, John’s transfer is spent and excluded from future balance calculations. However, you now have a new UTXO of 0.29999 bitcoin, so your balance becomes 0.79999 bitcoin.
In the above example, could I spend Li Si’s 0.5 bitcoin transfer instead? No, because it’s insufficient. But I could spend both John’s and Li Si’s transfers (totaling 1.5 bitcoin) and return the difference (0.79999 bitcoin) to my wallet (usually a different address to consolidate funds).
In summary, a Bitcoin wallet balance is the sum of all unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs).
3. Offline Signing
A transfer transaction must be signed before publication. The private key is used to sign the transaction. Miners verify the signature before including the transaction in a block; otherwise, it’s discarded. To initiate a transfer, you must specify: (1) Which UTXOs to spend? (2) Which addresses to send coins to and how much? (3) Which address to return the remaining coins after deducting the fee?
The spent UTXOs are called inputs, and the recipients are called outputs. Thus, the equation is: Total inputs = Total outputs + Transaction fee. A transaction includes inputs, outputs, and input signatures. The fee is calculated by miners as the difference between input and output amounts.4. Private Key Management
Private keys are crucial, so managing them is a top priority. Forgetting a private key means losing your cryptocurrencies forever, and a stolen private key means your coins are at risk.
4.1 Encrypting Private Keys
To prevent the private key from being stolen, it is highly recommended that you encrypt the private key. Even if someone obtains the encrypted key, they can’t use it without the decryption password. Miners reject unsigned transactions! The password should be strong (like a bank or email password), ideally 9+ characters with numbers, letters, and symbols. Store the encrypted key on paper, a computer, USB drive, cloud, or email. Weak passwords (e.g., "123456") are risky, especially if the encrypted key is stored online. Use the "Private Key Protection" in the Tools Menu on the left side of the weibsite.
4.2 HD Wallets
HD (Hierarchical Deterministic) wallets generate many private keys for easier management. Following the "best practice" of using a new private key for each transaction, HD wallets are ideal as transactions increase. The core idea is deriving multiple accounts and private keys from a set of words (the mnemonic phrase), typically 12, 15, 18, 21, or 24 words. More words mean greater security. For example: "asset curve boss naive trade never sister evoke what lunch glory update course acquire first mistake solve bullet pipe practice husband round glow wing" is a 24-word mnemonic. The last word includes a checksum, so don’t create your own phrase. You can add a password during account derivation for extra security. For example, two years ago, I used the mnemonic "poem crater dove table knock moment raccoon scrub color raccoon figure stumble" with password "A1b2C3&" to derive wallet #2 in account #5, where John sent 3 bitcoin. I noted: "poem crater dove table knock moment raccoon scrub color raccoon figure stumble/Account 5/Wallet 2" on paper, while memorizing the password. To spend the coins, I retrieve the private key by entering the mnemonic, password, account, and wallet number in "Wallet Management."
5. Best Practices
Our recommendations:
(1) For casual traders (under 10 transactions/year) with assets under one hundred thousand dollars : Use one password-protected private key, derive Bitcoin P2WPKH/P2PKH and Ethereum addresses.
(2) For traders with $1M–$10M assets: Use one 18+ word mnemonic with a password, derive Bitcoin HD wallets (path: m/84'/0'/i'/0/j) and Ethereum HD wallets (path: m/44'/60'/i'/0/j). Limit to 1–2 accounts with 2–3 wallets each.
(3) For heavy investors ($10M+): Use separate mnemonics for each cryptocurrency (24 words) with 15+ character passwords (mixed case, numbers, symbols). Use 3–5 accounts with multiple wallets. For large transactions (>$10M), use dedicated wallets and encrypt private keys. Sign transactions with encrypted keys and temporary passwords.
Good luck! If in doubt, feel free to send us an email, our email address is admin@walletoffline.com
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